When the retina becomes infected, it is called "retinitis". A
variety of organisms (viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites)
may cause retinitis, but the most common is a virus called
cytomegalovirus or CMV. CMV retinitis is most commonly seen in
patients with AIDS or other causes of immunosuppression. In most
cases, CMV retinitis can be treated with intravenous medications
(such as Gancyclovir or Fascarnet).
In some cases, the retinitis causes the retina to become very
sick, weak, and thin. Retinal holes may develop in the thinned
parts of the retina. A retinal detachment can occur and when it
does, vitrectomy surgery combined with laser treatment and the
placement of silicone oil in the eye, can reattach the retina and
prevent further loss of vision. In almost all cases, the
silicone oil stays in the eye permanently.
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